CAUTION OF ORIGIN · PG 1237 · GREAT PIT OF DEATH
The goat from PG 1237
The "ram" that never belonged to Puabi
This goat figure comes from another tomb in Ur, not from Puabi, and its exact function is unknown.
Museum documentation · free public access, no account required.
Generated reconstruction · Declared visual hypothesis
Declared visual reconstruction for museographic context; it is not a photograph of the original nor documentary evidence.
History and context
Two almost twin figures appeared in PG 1237. They probably show goats raised against a plant and combine gold, silver, shell, lapis lazuli, bitumen and a reconstructed core. Its function could have been to hold a container or part of a piece of furniture.
The name "Ram in the Bush" refers to a biblical story and does not accurately describe either the animal or the context. Above all, PG 1237 is not PG 800: this piece is not part of Puabi's grave goods.
Evidence and interpretation
Origin and materials are documented. Animal, exact function and symbolic reading remain open; associating it with Puabi would be a catalog error.
Catalogue facts
- Date
- ca. 2600–2400 BCE
- Location
- PG 1237 · Great Pit of Death, Ur
- Materials
- Gold, silver, shell, lapis lazuli, bitumen and reconstructed support
- Does not belong to
- Puabi · PG 800/800B
- Function
- Possible support; unresolved
A SHARED TOPIC, DIFFERENT MOMENTS
Objects connected through time
Follow a topic across the collections. A shared tag is a way to compare objects, not proof that one culture influenced another.
The order uses the midpoint of each approximate date range; ranges can overlap. Spacing does not represent elapsed time. Swipe, scroll or use the arrows. With the sequence focused, use ← / →, Home or End.
Gold32 dated objects

Towards 4600–4200 BCE
The Gold of Varna
Thracians
Date of the Varna funerary assemblage, not of an individual piece.
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ca. 2600–2450 BCE
Overlapping datesPuabi headdress
Sumer
Approximate dating according to the record.
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You are viewingca. 2600–2400 BCE
The goat from PG 1237
Sumer
The function as support is not resolved.
Current record
20th–18th centuries BCE
Before Phoenicia
Phoenicians
Approximate dating according to the record.
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death towards 1323 BCE
Tutankhamun's grave goods
Ancient Egypt
Approximate date of burial, not date of manufacture of the entire trousseau.
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14th–13th centuries BCE
Stag Vessel
Hittites
Approximate dating according to the record.
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second half of the 14th century–beginning of the 13th century BCE, according to NAIM; other publications use wider intervals from the Late Bronze.
Valchitran
Thracians
The full 14th–13th centuries BCE provide broad limits for chronological ordering; the record specifies the second half of the 14th and early 13th century according to NAIM; other chronologies for the assemblage are broader.
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Final Bronze, c. 1000 BCE
Before the Iberias
Iberians
Date of the treasure, not of the preceding general period.
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c. 800 BCE
Tomb 1 at Kuntur Wasi
Pre-Inca cultures
Approximate date of the funerary context.
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c. 721–664 BCE
Kushite king
Nubia, Kerma and Kush
Interval attributed to the specimen in the catalogue.
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c. 800–550 BCE
Gold at Kuntur Wasi
Pre-Inca cultures
Approximate dating according to the record.
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ca. 675–650 BCE
Regolini-Galassi tomb
Etruscans and Rome
Date of the funerary assemblage.
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6th century BCE
Condomina Earring
Iberians
Approximate dating according to the record.
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Towards 510 BCE
Uni was also Astarte
Etruscans and Rome
Approximate dating according to the record.
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5th century BCE · chronology discussed in the bibliography
Ezerovo Ring
Thracians
The attribution to the 5th century BCE is discussed.
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Second half of the 5th century – beginning of the 4th century BCE
Coțofenești helmet
Thracians
The full 5th–4th centuries BCE provide broad limits for chronological ordering; the record specifies the second half of the 5th and early 4th century.
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Early 4th century BCE
A battle on a comb
Scythians and Saka
The fourth century BCE is used in its full extent as an outer ordering framework; the entry specifies the beginning.
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4th century BCE
The Kul-Oba vase
Greek worlds
Approximate dating according to the record.
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4th century BCE
The Solokha gold comb
Greek worlds
Approximate dating according to the record.
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Type introduced from the late 6th century; specimen from the 4th century BCE.
The archer in gold
Achaemenid Persia
Century of the specimen; not an earlier introduction date of the type.
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4th century BCE
Treasure of Jávea
Iberians
Approximate dating according to the record.
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c. 350 BCE
Susa grave goods
Achaemenid Persia
Date of the funerary assemblage.
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664–30 BCE
Thoth in the form of a baboon
Ancient Egypt
Approximate dating according to the record.
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Second half of the 4th century BCE
Faces of the Steppe
Scythians and Saka
Approximate dating according to the record.
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Second half of the 4th century BCE
Poroina Mare Rhyton
Thracians
Second half of the 4th century BCE; the specific ritual is not known.
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Jewellery from the 4th–3rd centuries BCE; concealment at the end of the 3rd century BCE.
Treasure of Cheste
Iberians
Interval of the jewellery, not of the later concealment.
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Jewellery: 5th–2nd centuries BCE; concealment probably around 80–73 BCE.
Marina Alta Hoard
Iberians
Interval of the jewellery, not of the Sertorian concealment.
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late 4th century – early 3rd century BCE, towards 300 BCE
Panagyurishte
Thracians
«Towards 300 BCE.» It is explicit orientation of the whole.
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3rd century BCE
Mairena Hoard
Iberians
Approximate dating according to the record.
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Second half of the 2nd–beginnings of the 1st century BCE
Patera from Perotito
Iberians
The full 2nd–1st centuries BCE provide broad limits for chronological ordering; the record specifies the second half of the 2nd century and the early 1st.
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9th–11th centuries CE
Moulds for gold
Mande Worlds
Date range of the archaeometallurgical material in its documented context.
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ca. 1220–1290; found in 1933
Gold rhinoceros
Bantu-speaking worlds
Date of the object/context; 1933 is the year of discovery.
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A closer look
About 1 min to read · 1 section. Further reading and sources · free access. Editorial review recorded: .
Restoration can change a posture
During the intervention of 1997–1998, microscopic observation found joints between gold fragments of the tree that Woolley had not recognized. By fitting them, the tree gained height and the goat's front legs could be relocated. The photograph of the discovery supported the new arrangement. This change shows a concrete way of producing knowledge: combining material unions, excavation images and comparison with the second figure. Conservation is not limited to stabilizing a work; it may also correct how we understand its construction.
- Museum · Penn Museum · Rescue and RestorationAccess recorded: .
Where it is held
Penn Museum
Item or group in the record · On display
Object 30-12-702, marked as exhibited by the institution.
The holding institution is documented; public display may change. Check its official record before visiting.
Sources and references
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