TREASURES · ORIENTALIZING PERIOD

Beads from Cerro de los Vientos

Two carnelian beads in tomb 5

Small ornaments that raise questions about exchanges.

Museum documentation · free public access, no account required.

Documentary photograph of the two reddish carnelian beads of tomb 5 — **ARQUIBERLAB · University of Jaén · CC BY-NC-ND 3.0**
Documentary original · Exact correspondence
Documentary photograph of the digital resource linked by Arquiberlab. File preserved without alterations; its licence limits use to non-commercial purposes and does not allow derivative works.
University Institute of Research in Iberian Archaeology · University of Jaén · Arquiberlab · Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (BY-NC-ND) 3.0
Source and provenance ↗Terms of use ↗

History and context

Beads 1015 and 1066 come from tomb 5 of Cerro de los Vientos. Analyses identified carnelian in both. They belong to the orientalizing horizon of the 8th–7th centuries BCE, prior to the development of full Iberian culture.

Evidence and interpretation

Mineral identification by Raman and X-ray fluorescence; the material alone does not determine a quarry or an exact trade route. The Arquiberlab text file identifies the beads as 1015 and 1066, while their photograph labels them 21-1005 and 20-1066; we retain this visible inventory discrepancy.

Catalogue facts

Date: 8th–7th centuries BCE · orientalizing
Provenance: Tomb 5 · Cerro de los Vientos, Puente del Obispo, Baeza (Jaén)
Material: Carnelian · inventories 1015 and 1066
Classification: Orientalizing antecedent, not full Iberian

A SHARED TOPIC, DIFFERENT MOMENTS

Objects connected through time

Follow a topic across the collections. A shared tag is a way to compare objects, not proof that one culture influenced another.

The order uses the midpoint of each approximate date range; ranges can overlap. Spacing does not represent elapsed time. Swipe, scroll or use the arrows. With the sequence focused, use ← / →, Home or End.

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8th–7th centuries BCE · orientalizing

Beads from Cerro de los Vientos

Iberians

Chronology of the funerary context of Tomb 5, Orientalising horizon.

Current record

Ornamental stones6 dated objects

6 / 6In the centre: Beads from Cerro de los Vientos

Also connected, without a comparable date (1)

These objects are not placed after the others: an unknown date does not mean a more recent object.

MeluhhaIndus civilisation · ca. 2600–1900 BCE

You can scroll the first group without JavaScript. The other topics are also available below.

Beads

'Jamila's' necklace · ≈7250–7000 BCE · Prehistory
Carnelian beads · ca. 2600–1900 BCE · Indus civilisation
Beads from Cerro de los Vientos · 8th–7th centuries BCE · orientalizing · Iberians — You are viewing
Punic head pendant · Mid 4th–3rd centuries BCE · Phoenicians

Without a comparable date (not part of the chronological order):

Memory in performance · 19th–20th centuries and transmitted practice · Bantu-speaking worlds

Jewellery and adornment

Hohle Fels · ≈40,000 years · Aurignacian · Prehistory
'Jamila's' necklace · ≈7250–7000 BCE · Prehistory
The Gold of Varna · Towards 4600–4200 BCE · Thracians
Puabi headdress · ca. 2600–2450 BCE · Sumer
Cemetery R-37 · ca. 2550–2030 BCE · Indus civilisation
Carnelian beads · ca. 2600–1900 BCE · Indus civilisation
Grave Circle A and Chrysolakkos · 18th–16th centuries BCE · Greek worlds
Burial at K IV · circa 1750–1550 BCE · Nubia, Kerma and Kush
Tutankhamun's grave goods · death towards 1323 BCE · Ancient Egypt
Fu Hao’s burial goods · ca. 1200 BCE · Ancient China
Before the Iberias · Final Bronze, c. 1000 BCE · Iberians
Tomb 1 at Kuntur Wasi · c. 800 BCE · Pre-Inca cultures
Beads from Cerro de los Vientos · 8th–7th centuries BCE · orientalizing · Iberians — You are viewing
Gold at Kuntur Wasi · c. 800–550 BCE · Pre-Inca cultures
Regolini-Galassi tomb · ca. 675–650 BCE · Etruscans and Rome
Condomina Earring · 6th century BCE · Iberians
Steppe kurgans · 7th–4th centuries BCE · Scythians and Saka
Vix Tomb · c. 500 BCE · Celtic worlds
La Venta grave goods · ca. 600–400 BCE · Maya worlds
Ezerovo Ring · 5th century BCE · chronology discussed in the bibliography · Thracians
Grave goods of Baza and Toya · First half of the 4th century BCE · Iberians
Treasure of Jávea · 4th century BCE · Iberians
Susa grave goods · c. 350 BCE · Achaemenid Persia
Punic head pendant · Mid 4th–3rd centuries BCE · Phoenicians
Treasure of Cheste · Jewellery from the 4th–3rd centuries BCE; concealment at the end of the 3rd century BCE. · Iberians
Marina Alta Hoard · Jewellery: 5th–2nd centuries BCE; concealment probably around 80–73 BCE. · Iberians
Golyamata Kosmatka · End of the 4th century – beginning of the 3rd century BCE; ritual burial at the beginning of the III according to Iskra. · Thracians
Mairena Hoard · 3rd century BCE · Iberians
Chão de Lamas pectoral · 3rd–2nd centuries BCE · concealed in the early 1st century BCE · Iberians
Fibula from Lancia · ≈300–100 BCE · Iberians
Northern mound · 2nd–1st centuries BCE · Yayoi Japan
Horse fibula · 2nd century BCE · disputed chronology · Iberians
Simancas-type belt buckle · Second half of the IV century–V century CE · Iberians
Pakal’s grave goods · sealed on 28 August 683 CE · Maya worlds
Missing grave goods · 13th–15th centuries according to the heritage overview · Bantu-speaking worlds

Without a comparable date (not part of the chronological order):

Dressing to be seen · 6th–1st centuries BCE · Iberians

Funerary contexts

Without a comparable date (not part of the chronological order):

A Kerma vessel deposited at Abydos · Second Intermediate Period · Ancient Egypt
A vase travels; the rite changes · No individual dating published on this record · Iberians
Cemetery · ca. 2600–1900 BCE · Indus civilisation
Daegok-ri grave goods · from c. 5th century BCE · Gojoseon and early Korea
Four panoplies · No individual dating published on this record · Iberians
Livestock and mounds · c. 2050–1500 BCE · Nubia, Kerma and Kush
Shum Laka · c. 8,000 and 3,000 years before present · Bantu-speaking worlds
The quarry remained visible · Mainly 6th–5th centuries BCE · Gojoseon and early Korea
Three hundred lives in the sand · Mainly 4th century BCE–3rd century CE · Yayoi Japan
Urns from Adichanallur · Iron Age · samples towards 665 and 467 BCE · Vedic and later Indian worlds

A closer look

About 1 min to read · 2 sections. Further reading and sources · free access. Editorial review recorded: September 21, 2026.

From colour to composition

The reddish colour alone was insufficient to identify the beads. Their analysis distinguished quartz and moganite, characteristic components of chalcedony, and ruled out detectable organic colourants. These are data on the matter; attributing a precise trade itinerary requires additionally provenance evidence and archaeological comparison.

Research · Arquiberlab · beads 1015 and 1066, tomb 5 at Cerro de los VientosAccess recorded: September 21, 2026.

What matter can say about exchange

X-ray fluorescence recorded a composition dominated by silica and a very low proportion of iron oxide. Arquiberlab relates the carnelian to supply areas outside the Iberian peninsula, among them India and Egyptian Sahara. It is a lead for investigating exchange networks of the orientalizing horizon, but these two beads alone do not identify a mine, a workshop nor the route they followed to the tomb.

Research · Arquiberlab · beads 1015 and 1066, tomb 5 at Cerro de los VientosAccess recorded: September 21, 2026.

Location and territory

REGIONAL AREA

Cerro de los Vientos · surroundings of Puente del ObispoRegional marker of the surroundings of Puente del Obispo, not the coordinates of tomb 5.

Sources and references

Arquiberlab · beads 1015 and 1066, tomb 5 at Cerro de los Vientos

Consult the beads and their analyses in Arquiberlab

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Beads from Cerro de los Vientos

History and context

Evidence and interpretation

Catalogue facts

Objects connected through time

Beads from Cerro de los Vientos

'Jamila's' necklace

Puabi headdress

Standard of Ur

Statue of Ebih-Il

Carnelian beads

Beads from Cerro de los Vientos

A closer look

From colour to composition

What matter can say about exchange

Location and territory

Sources and references

Did you enjoy this exhibit?