EUROPE · DORDOGNE

Lascaux

Large animals painted in the cave

Aurochs, horses and deer cover the walls. Notice their sizes and how the figures are distributed.

Museum documentation · free public access, no account required.

Photograph of the Lascaux II Hall of the Bulls replica — **PHOTOGRAPH OF REPLICA OR PHYSICAL RECONSTRUCTION · PROVENANCE IN RECORD**
Physical replica · Exact correspondence
Photograph of an identified replica or physical reconstruction; not the archaeological original.
CC BY-SA 4.0
Source and provenance ↗Terms of use ↗

History and context

In the Hall of the Bulls, the figures do not obey a rectangular frame: they advance, overlap and surround the visitor. The large black aurochs dominate a constellation of horses and deer; the scale forces one to think of scaffolding, lighting and planned execution.

Lascaux contains hundreds of animal figures and horses are the most numerous. The original cave is closed to protect its fragile equilibrium. The image in this museum comes from Lascaux II: a replica that makes another important history visible, that of how to conserve a place that human presence can destroy.

Evidence and interpretation

The paintings have not been dated directly. The bracket ≈23,500–21,000 cal BP comes from the context and the calibration of associated dates, and continues to be debated. The photograph shows the Lascaux II replica and must never be confused with the original wall.

Catalogue facts

Date: ≈23,500–21,000 cal BP · debated contextual estimate
Location: Lascaux · Montignac, France
Technique: Mineral pigments blown, painted and engraved
Subject: Large aurochs, horses, deer and signs
Image: Photograph of the Lascaux II replica
Conservation: The original cave remains closed to the public

A SHARED TOPIC, DIFFERENT MOMENTS

Objects connected through time

Follow a topic across the collections. A shared tag is a way to compare objects, not proof that one culture influenced another.

The order uses the midpoint of each approximate date range; ranges can overlap. Spacing does not represent elapsed time. Swipe, scroll or use the arrows. With the sequence focused, use ← / →, Home or End.

You are viewing

≈23,500–21,000 cal BP · debated contextual estimate

Lascaux

Prehistory

≈23,500–21,000 cal BP with 1950 origin; debated contextual estimate, replica image. It is an approximate scale conversion for ordering; not a new radiocarbon calibration.

Current record

Pigments14 dated objects

6 / 14In the centre: Lascaux

Also connected, without a comparable date (9)

These objects are not placed after the others: an unknown date does not mean a more recent object.

BhimbetkaPrehistory · Mesolithic–historical and medieval period
Blue that does not yieldMaya worlds · Documented use from the Classic, c. 300–1500 CE
Eland CavePrehistory · Regional tradition of ≈4,000 years · up to historical period
Game Pass ShelterSan histories · Regional rock art chronology · panel not dated in isolation
KakaduPrehistory · Regional corpus ≈20,000 BP–contemporary era
Leang KarampuangPrehistory · Minimum 51,200 years · dating published in 2024
Quinkan CountryPrehistory · Regional art up to ≈27,000 BP · modern continuity
Sierra de San FranciscoPrehistory · Broad tradition with direct dates ≈5290–295 BP
Tassili n’AjjerPrehistory · Corpus ≈6000 BCE–first centuries CE

You can scroll the first group without JavaScript. The other topics are also available below.

Rock art

Altamira · Assemblage ≈36,000–13,000 BP · bison ≈18,400–15,300 cal BP · Prehistory
Lascaux · ≈23,500–21,000 cal BP · debated contextual estimate · Prehistory — You are viewing
Cueva de las Manos · Sequence ≈9300–1300 BP · Prehistory

Without a comparable date (not part of the chronological order):

Bhimbetka · Mesolithic–historical and medieval period · Prehistory
Eland Cave · Regional tradition of ≈4,000 years · up to historical period · Prehistory
Engraved stone · Before ≈39,000 cal BP · Prehistory
Game Pass Shelter · Regional rock art chronology · panel not dated in isolation · San histories
Kakadu · Regional corpus ≈20,000 BP–contemporary era · Prehistory
Leang Karampuang · Minimum 51,200 years · dating published in 2024 · Prehistory
Quinkan Country · Regional art up to ≈27,000 BP · modern continuity · Prehistory
Sierra de San Francisco · Broad tradition with direct dates ≈5290–295 BP · Prehistory
Tassili n’Ajjer · Corpus ≈6000 BCE–first centuries CE · Prehistory

Painting

Without a comparable date (not part of the chronological order):

A vase travels; the rite changes · No individual dating published on this record · Iberians
Bhimbetka · Mesolithic–historical and medieval period · Prehistory
Blue that does not yield · Documented use from the Classic, c. 300–1500 CE · Maya worlds
Eland Cave · Regional tradition of ≈4,000 years · up to historical period · Prehistory
Game Pass Shelter · Regional rock art chronology · panel not dated in isolation · San histories
Kakadu · Regional corpus ≈20,000 BP–contemporary era · Prehistory
Leang Karampuang · Minimum 51,200 years · dating published in 2024 · Prehistory
Quinkan Country · Regional art up to ≈27,000 BP · modern continuity · Prehistory
Sierra de San Francisco · Broad tradition with direct dates ≈5290–295 BP · Prehistory
Tassili n’Ajjer · Corpus ≈6000 BCE–first centuries CE · Prehistory

Engraving

Without a comparable date (not part of the chronological order):

A tradition that invents · collected in 1993 or 1995 · Batwa / Twa histories
Engraved stone · Before ≈39,000 cal BP · Prehistory
Ishango, without genealogical shortcut · More than 20,000 years; context ca. 25,000–20,000 BP · Batwa / Twa histories
Vessels without a language · Urewe, broad regional range ca. 800 BCE–650 CE · Bantu-speaking worlds
Writing with gaps · Diverse chronologies · Garamantes

Animal imagery

Lion-man · ≈40,000 years · Aurignacian · Prehistory
Before the San · ≈25.500–23.500 BCE · San histories
Before the name San · ≈25.500–23.500 BCE · San histories
Altamira · Assemblage ≈36,000–13,000 BP · bison ≈18,400–15,300 cal BP · Prehistory
Lascaux · ≈23,500–21,000 cal BP · debated contextual estimate · Prehistory — You are viewing
Zaraysk Bison · ≈23,000–21,000 years · Prehistory
Rondelle de Mas-d'Azil · ≈18,000–16,000 years · Prehistory
Lamp from La Mouthe · ≈20,500–13,000 years · Magdalenian framework · Prehistory
Engraved stone from Çakmaktepe · PPNA · site proposal: ≈9600–8800 BCE, provisional · Prehistory
Cueva de las Manos · Sequence ≈9300–1300 BP · Prehistory
Cylinder seal · c. 3500–3100 BCE · Sumer
Queen's Lyre · ca. 2600–2500 BCE · Sumer
The goat from PG 1237 · ca. 2600–2400 BCE · Sumer
Indus seals · ca. 2600–1900 BCE · Indus civilisation
Queen of the Night · 19th–18th centuries BCE · Sumer
Bull-leaping · c. 1600–1450 BCE · Greek worlds
Stag Vessel · 14th–13th centuries BCE · Hittites
Before the Scythians and Sakas · Final Bronze–Initial Iron, ca. 1200–600 BCE · Scythians and Saka
Ivory in Nimrud · 9th–8th centuries BCE · Phoenicians
Lamassu of Khorsabad · Reign of Sargon II · 721–705 BCE · Sumer
The Tello Obelisk · c. 800–500 BCE · Pre-Inca cultures
Ashurbanipal Hunt · 645–635 BCE · Sumer
Banquet under leopards · Around 480–470 BCE · Etruscans and Rome
The oldest knotted carpet · 5th–4th centuries BCE · Scythians and Saka
The silver amphora of Chertomlyk · 4th century BCE · Greek worlds
Thoth in the form of a baboon · 664–30 BCE · Ancient Egypt
Poroina Mare Rhyton · Second half of the 4th century BCE · Thracians
Borovo · 4th century BC C.; 350–300 BCE in the ISAW catalog. · Thracians
Leipzig Fish Plate · Last third 4th–early 3rd century BCE · Greek worlds
Dove of the Amarejo · 3rd century BCE · Iberians
Chão de Lamas pectoral · 3rd–2nd centuries BCE · concealed in the early 1st century BCE · Iberians
Fibula from Lancia · ≈300–100 BCE · Iberians
Horse fibula · 2nd century BCE · disputed chronology · Iberians
The dismantled cauldron · 2nd–1st centuries BCE · Celtic worlds
Kalathos of Alcorisa · 2nd–1st centuries BCE · Iberians
Egyptian oil lamp with a fish, held in Laon · 3rd–4th centuries CE · Ancient Egypt
Laon lamp with fish · 3rd–4th centuries CE · Etruscans and Rome
Gold rhinoceros · ca. 1220–1290; found in 1933 · Bantu-speaking worlds
Zimbabwe birds · main period of Great Zimbabwe, c. 12th–15th centuries · Bantu-speaking worlds

Without a comparable date (not part of the chronological order):

Bhimbetka · Mesolithic–historical and medieval period · Prehistory
Eland Cave · Regional tradition of ≈4,000 years · up to historical period · Prehistory
Fawn spear-thrower · Middle Magdalenian · Prehistory
Game Pass Shelter · Regional rock art chronology · panel not dated in isolation · San histories
Kakadu · Regional corpus ≈20,000 BP–contemporary era · Prehistory
Leang Karampuang · Minimum 51,200 years · dating published in 2024 · Prehistory
Sierra de San Francisco · Broad tradition with direct dates ≈5290–295 BP · Prehistory
Tassili n’Ajjer · Corpus ≈6000 BCE–first centuries CE · Prehistory
The Thracian Horseman · Roman era · diffusion especially in the 2nd–3rd centuries CE · Thracians
Trumpet from Numantia · No individual dating published on this record · Iberians

A closer look

About 1 min to read · 1 section. Further reading and sources · free access. Editorial review recorded: September 5, 2026.

The wall participates in the choice of technique

The documentation of Lascaux links tools and procedures to the properties of each surface. A natural relief can complete the anatomy of an animal that appears only sketched; an area difficult to reach or touch directly favours other ways of applying pigment. Looking only at the coloured silhouette erases that collaboration between rock and image. The support was not a flat, interchangeable canvas: its texture and volume helped decide what to trace, where to interrupt a contour and how to produce it.

Heritage · Ministère de la Culture · Lascaux, The rock supportAccess recorded: September 5, 2026.

Location and territory

LOCATED SITE

Lascaux · FranceMarker of the original cave, closed to the public to protect its paintings.

Sources and references

Browse the official Lascaux archive

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Lascaux

History and context

Evidence and interpretation

Catalogue facts

Objects connected through time

Lascaux

Engraved ochre from Blombos

Willendorf

Before the San

Before the name San

Altamira

Lascaux

Kostenki I

Cueva de las Manos

Queen of the Night

Ceramic stand 1010

Banquet under leopards

The Karwa textile

The walls of San Bartolo

Venus in the codex

A closer look

The wall participates in the choice of technique

Location and territory

Sources and references

Did you enjoy this exhibit?