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Ελληνικά04 · Context · land and rights
Parks and citizenship
When protecting a park expels its inhabitants
In places such as Bwindi and Kahuzi-Biega, the creation of protected areas led Batwa families to lose their homes and access to the forest.
Museum documentation · free public access, no account required.
Generated reconstruction · Declared visual hypothesis
AI-CONCEPTUAL RECREATION · does not document compliance
History and context
Fortress conservation turned inhabited territories into supposedly empty landscapes. Bwindi, Mgahinga and Kahuzi-Biega show losses of land, home and access.
Communities have organised demands, litigated and proposed co-governance. A ruling creates obligations; it does not prove they have already been fulfilled.
Evidence and interpretation
The African Commission declared eleven articles violated in Kahuzi-Biega; the Ugandan Constitutional Court ordered reparations in 2021.
Catalogue facts
- Narrative date
- 1930s–2025
- Location
- Kahuzi-Biega, Bwindi, Mgahinga and Kibira
- Material
- boundaries, testimonies, rulings and projects
- Context
- Distinguish violation, ordered remedy and implementation.
- Curatorial reading
- The documented fact and its interpretation appear separately in the evidence block.
- Dossier axis
- context
- Research record
- BATWA · context-conservacion-ciudadania
- Documentary coverage
- 3 museum, heritage, primary corpus or research sources for this stop.
A closer look
About 1 min to read · 1 section. Further reading and sources · free access. Editorial review recorded: .
Tourism income and restitution are distinct mechanisms
In June 2025, the Ugandan Wildlife Authority announced the delivery of around 2.198 billion shillings to communities neighbouring Bwindi and Mgahinga. The fund came from park entry fees and a levy on gorilla-tracking permits. The ceremony took place at the Buhoma visitor centre. This mechanism allows examination of another dimension of conservation: how part of its income returns to the surroundings. The announcement refers to the set of neighbouring communities; it does not attest to specific compensation for Batwa families nor the restitution of their lands.
Sources and references
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